A philosophical or epistemological position that emphasizes chance, randomness, or contingency in understanding events rather than determinism or necessity.
From Latin 'casualis' (happening by chance) plus the noun-forming suffix '-ism', reflecting philosophical theories about causation and the role of chance in existence.
Medieval philosophers debated casualism versus divine determinism—if God knows everything, can anything truly be random?—a question that echoes today in debates between quantum mechanics and classical physics.
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