The oceanographic process where surface water sinks to deeper layers, typically carrying oxygen-rich water downward and often occurring in areas where surface waters converge.
From the verb 'downwell,' combining 'down' and 'well' (meaning to flow). The term developed alongside 'upwelling' in oceanographic studies of the early-mid 20th century as scientists mapped global ocean circulation patterns.
Downwelling is like the ocean's breathing system - it carries vital oxygen from the surface down to deep waters, sustaining life in the ocean's depths! This process is crucial for global ocean circulation and helps prevent the deep ocean from becoming completely oxygen-depleted and lifeless.
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