The state, condition, or quality of being English, or the collective identity and characteristics of English people.
From English + -hood (Old English had meaning 'person, condition'). The -hood suffix was productively added to create abstract nouns representing states or groups during Middle English.
This word is a perfect example of how English speakers create new words by stacking suffixes—'English' + 'hood' works the same way as 'childhood' or 'brotherhood.' It's rarely used today, but medieval and early modern writers loved such formations to describe national or cultural identity.
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