The mathematical operation where a number is multiplied by itself a specific number of times, like 2³ (2 times 2 times 2).
From Late Latin 'exponentia' (exposition, setting forth) combined with the suffix '-ation' (action or result). First used in mathematical texts in the 1600s to formalize repeated multiplication.
Exponentiation is what makes nuclear chain reactions so terrifying—each atom that splits triggers two more to split, creating explosive doubling in milliseconds. The same principle lets a single bacterium become millions overnight.
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