Imminent lawless action

/ˈɪmɪnənt ˈlɔlɪs ˈækʃən/ noun phrase

Definition

The current First Amendment standard for restricting incitement to violence, requiring that speech be directed to producing imminent lawless action and be likely to produce such action. It replaced the clear and present danger test and provides stronger protection for speech.

Etymology

From Latin 'imminere' (to overhang, threaten), 'lawless' from Old English 'lahleas' (without law), and 'action' from Latin 'actio' (a doing). This test emerged from Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), refining earlier doctrines to require more immediate and specific threats to justify speech restrictions.

Kelly Says

This standard emerged from defending a KKK leader's racist rally, ironically creating one of the strongest protections for free speech in the world! Brandenburg v. Ohio established that even hateful speech advocating violence is protected unless it's intended and likely to cause immediate lawless action—meaning you can advocate revolution in the abstract, but not incite a mob to immediate violence.

Translations

AMአማርኛ
ም即ም即 ሕግ breaker
mi-ji-mi-ji hig breaker
ARالعربية
عمل إجرامي وشيك
amel-i-jra-mi wa-shi-ek
BNবাংলা
সম্প্রতি অবৈধ কাজ
som-pri-ti a-va-idh ka-j
CACatalà
acció il·legal imminent
ak-thee-ohn ee-lee-gahl im-mee-nen-te
CSČeština
neodkladné nelegální jednání
ne-od-k-lad-ne ne-le-ga-l-ne je-da-ni
DADansk
minent ulovlig handling
mi-nent oo-lov-lig han-dling
DEDeutsch
unabgesagter, strafbarer Handlung
oo-na-bgesa-gter, shtrat-fa-barer han-dlung
ELΕλληνικά
αμέσως επικείμενη παράνομη ενέργεια
a-me-s-os e-pi-kei-me-nee pa-ra-no-mee e-ner-gee-a
ESEspañol
acción ilegal inminente
ak-thee-ohn ee-lee-gal in-mi-nen-te
FAفارسی
اقدام غیرقانونی نزدیک
a-ga-dam ghayr-qa-nooni ne-z-dik
FISuomi
päästymätön laiton toiminta
pa-ast-y-mat-on la-ton toi-min-ta
FRFrançais
action illégale imminente
ak-thee-ohn ee-leh-gahl im-mee-nen
GUGU
અહેવાલ ગુના
a-he-va-al gu-na
HAHA
aiki da haram
a-iki da ha-ram
HEעברית
פעולה בלתי חוקית מיידית
pa-a-lu-ah be-la-ti cho-keet may-di-it
HIहिन्दी
निकट भविष्य में अवैध कार्य
nik-kat bha-vi-shay mein a-va-idh ka-r-y
HUMagyar
közelgő illegális cselekmény
ko-zel-go oo-lee-ga-lis che-lek-men-y
IDBahasa Indonesia
tindakan ilegal yang akan segera terjadi
tin-da-kan ee-lee-al yang akan se-gera ter-jadi
IGIG
akụkụ ọnwụ
a-ku-ku ọn-wu
ITItaliano
azione illegale imminente
ak-thee-ohn ee-lee-gahl im-mee-nen-te
JA日本語
差し迫った違法行為
sa-shi-pok-ta-ru-i-ho-ho-kei
KKKK
қазіргі узақтық
ka-zir-gi uz-a-qt
KMKM
បន្ទាប់ពីការប្រព្រឹត្ត
bon-taap-pee ka-ar-pra-p-ret
KO한국어
즉각적인 불법 행위
jik-gak-jeol-deun bul-beob haeng-wi
MRMR
अन्यायपूर्ण कृती
a-nya-ya-poor-n kri-tee
MSBahasa Melayu
tindakan haram yang akan segera berlaku
tin-da-kan ha-ram yang akan se-gera be-laku
MYမြန်မာ
ပြုလုပ်မယ့် ဥပဒေကျွမ်း
pyu-lu-pyet oo-pa-de-kyoon
NLNederlands
dreigende onwettige actie
dray-gen-de on-wet-ti-ge ak-tee
NONorsk
minent ulovlig handling
mi-nent oo-lov-lig han-dling
PAPA
ਅਨਿਯਮਿਤ ਅਪਰਾધ
a-ni-ya-mit a-pra-adh
PLPolski
natychmiastowe nielegalne działanie
na-ty-ch-mia-st-owe nie-le-ga-l-ne da-nie-nie
PTPortuguês
ação ilegal iminente
ah-see-ohn ee-lee-gal im-mee-nen-te
RORomână
acțiune ilegală iminentă
ak-thee-ohn ee-lee-gahl im-mee-nen-te
RUРусский
незаконное действие, близкое ко времени
nezakon-noye de-i-st-vi-ye, bliz-ko-ye ko vre-myu
SVSvenska
minent brottslig handling
mi-nent brotts-lig han-dling
SWKiswahili
hatua haramu inayokaribia
ha-ta-wa ha-ra-mu i-na-yo-ka-ri-bia
TAதமிழ்
உடனடி குற்றச் செயல்
oo-da-ndi kut-tra-s-sayl
TEతెలుగు
즉시 అక్రమ చర్య
ti-k-shi a-kra-ma cha-ry
THไทย
การกระทำผิดกฎหมายอย่างใกล้ชิด
gaan-kra-taam-phet-gkut-ma-y a-ting-glai-chhid
TLTL
malawakang ilegal na kilos
ma-la-wan-gang ee-lee-gal na ki-los
TRTürkçe
yakın zamanda yasadışı eylem
ya-kin zamaan-da yas-a-di-shi eye-lem
UKУкраїнська
негайне незаконне діяння
ne-gay-ne ne-za-kon-ne di-yan-nya
URاردو
قریبی غیرقانونی عمل
qari-bi ghair-qa-nooni a-mal
VITiếng Việt
hành động bất hợp pháp sắp xảy ra
hanh dong bat hop phap sap x-y ra
YOYO
ẹ̀ẹ̀rọ̀ ẹ̀tọ́ ẹ̀sẹ̀
e-re-ro e-to e-se
ZH中文
即将发生的非法行为
ji-jia-she-de fei-fa xing-wei
ZUZU
izwi elithile elingaphezu
i-z-wi ee-lee-th-ile e-ling-a-phe-zu

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