A framework for understanding how decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty, separating sensitivity to stimuli from response bias.
From Latin 'signalis' (of a sign) + 'detectio' (uncovering) + Greek 'theoria.' Theory of detecting signals amid noise.
Signal detection theory explains how you decide if something is really there or just noise — like a radiologist spotting a tumor on a fuzzy X-ray. It's about sensitivity AND bias.
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